El binomio producto/envase para vino y aceite de olivaalgunas cuestiones de acv y hc a nivel de producto, a nivel corporativo y a nivel nacional

Resumen

Rising public awareness about the care of our enviroment and therefore, corporate business awareness also, are notorious day by day. This real interest is reflected in environmental laws and other regulations, seeking at once, a more environmental friendly production and product and economic savings of great importance. Hence the increase in environmental studies of a different nature that imply the most recent methodologies for quantifying environmental impacts in the production of different products during their the life cycle (total or partial), in which the so-called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) stands out for its scientific rigor and majority use. Another of the outstanding methodologies is the calculation of Carbon Footprint (product or corporate level) that among other differences with the LCA, focuses on a single environmental indicator (quantification of Greenhouse Gases) and get a more simplified environmental study than the LCA but not with fewer rigor. This environmental awareness is integrated very especially in the agri-food sector, as in wine and olive oil cases, in which Spain is the country or one of the most representative countries of the EU and worldwide. In this thesis the carbon footprint has been used as an indicator to evaluate and report the environmental burdens associated with wine production, working with a total of 18 wineries located in the main wine-growing regions of Spain and the South of France thanks to the realization of two projects in the wine sector, the projects CO2 Vino, 2014 and VINECO, 2014. So that, the inventory data on the production systems of these wineries have been obtained, have been statistically analyzed, evaluated the differences in use two usual reference flows for the agricultural sector (per ha of vineyard or kg of collected grapes) have been evaluated and finally the phases of greatest impact contribution together with their causes and possible improvements under calculated average values have been identified. In the same line, with the data and the previous results, six main methodological issues to consider when collecting corporate inventory data for later use in the Carbon Footprint of Product studies (which is the usual way of proceeding) have been approached and discussed: Fugitive emissions, waste recycling credits, use of "equivalent factors", definition of reference flow, accumulation and assignment of corporate values to minority products. These methodological points, may influence the results according to how they are treated. The study carried out on this methodological subject within this case of wine is widely applicable to any other product or industrial activity. Finally, the LCA was applied in the production of Virgin Olive Oil (VOO) to see the influence of the packaging on the environment of the product, studying the three main types of containers (glass, tin and polyethylene terephthalate). An estimation of the environmental consequences (in equivalent CO2 emissions) of the implementation of a new egislation in Spain on the use of non-refillable containers in the HORECA channel (restaurants and catering) has also been made.