Climate and Atmospheric CO2 Effects on Iberian Pine Forests assessed by Tree-Ring Chronologies and their potential for Climatic Reconstructions

Resumen

Two main purposes divided this Thesis into two parts, taking into account that the need of understanding current climatic fluctuations is still an important request of population living in the 21st century and the enormous wide range of responses observed to these changes depending on regions, ecosystems and/or species. The first main objective is to assess how climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration changes are affecting Iberian pine forests. The second aim is to extract the climatic signal registered by the studied stands with the aim of reconstructing past climate. Therefore, we will use the relationship between trees and climate in both directions: assessing the effects of climate on the forests, and afterwards, using these results to estimate climatic conditions before the existence of instrumental records. The methodology proposed is based on the study of width and delta-13C tree-ring chronologies established at different sites along the north and east of the Iberian Peninsula.Significant changes in tree-growth variability in a network of thirty-eight forests and in their climatic sensitivity (Chapter 1), as well as an increase in water use-efficiency of five selected stands (Chapter 2) in the Iberian Peninsula during the second half of the 20th century are unusual relative to the past. Growth pattern changes were related to recent warming and precipitation variability increase, while water-use efficiency trends were related to the rise of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Delta-13C values reflected drought stress signal during summer season better than ring width in tree-ring chronologies of five Spanish pine forests (Chapter 3). Summer precipitation reconstructions in Spain for the last 400 years were performed based on three width and Delta-13C tree-ring chronologies and significant links with large-scale atmospheric phenomenon as NAO and ENSO were established (Chapter 4). In addition to the well-known application of dendrochronological techniques to reconstruct past climate, our results highlight the enormous potential of combining different kind of tree-ring proxies in climatic research.