Implementation of Web 2.0 in the snow tourism industryanalysis of the online presence and e-commerce of ski resorts

  1. E. Cristóbal Fransi 1
  2. N. Daries Ramón
  3. E. Mariné Roig
  4. E. Martín Fuentes
  1. 1 Universitat de Lleida
    info

    Universitat de Lleida

    Lleida, España

    ROR https://ror.org/050c3cw24

Revista:
Spanish journal of marketing-ESIC

ISSN: 2444-9695 2444-9709

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 21

Número: 2

Páginas: 117-130

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.SJME.2017.06.002 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Spanish journal of marketing-ESIC

Resumen

La presente investigación busca conocer si los sitios Web de las estaciones de esquí facilitan una comunicación eficaz con sus públicos objetivo y están adaptadas al comercio electrónico. Para ello, se propone y aplica en primer lugar un modelo para el análisis de las páginas Web de las estaciones de esquí, basado en la técnica de análisis de contenido, considerando las dimensiones de Información, Comunicación, Comercio electrónico y Funciones Adicionales. En segundo lugar se aplica la metodología eMICA (Extended Model of Internet Commerce Adoption), para identificar las oportunidades derivadas del uso de las herramientas Web 2.0 y mejorar las carencias detectadas para conseguir una gestión más competitiva. Los resultados indican que las estaciones de esquí alpino están mejor preparadas que las de esquí nórdico a pesar de que todavía tienen mucho recorrido por hacer a la hora de facilitar una efectiva comunicación e interacción con su público objetivo.

Información de financiación

The authors would like to thank the Catalan government for the support received through the accreditation of the Research Group on Tourism and the Social and Knowledge Economy (GRTESC) as an Emerging Research Group (2014 SGR 82). They would further like to thank the University of Lleida (UdL) for the support received under the UdL Research Programme (2017-TR265). Finally, a grant was also received from the UdL Language Institute (2017 call) for editing services.

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Álvarez, Y., La orientación al mercado en el sector turístico con el uso de las herramientas de la web social, efectos en los resultados empresariales. Tesis Doctoral, 2014, Universidad de Cantabria.
  • Álvarez, Y., Pérez-González, D., Solana, P., Contribución de la web 2.0 al desempeño organizacional en las empresas del sector turismo. Revista Puente, Revista Científica Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Bucaramanga 17:2 (2013), 7–13.
  • Baggio, R., Mottironi, C., Corigliano, M., Technological aspects of public tourism communication in Italy. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 2:2 (2011), 105–119.
  • Baloglu, S., Pekcan, Y., The website design and internet site marketing practices of upscale and luxury hotels in Turkey. Tourism Management 27:1 (2006), 171–176.
  • Bingley, S., Burgess, S., Sellitto, C., Cox, C., Buultjens, J., A classification scheme for analyzing web 2.0 tourism websites. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 11:4 (2010), 281–298.
  • Buhalis, D., Tourism and Information technologies: Past, present and future. Tourism Recreation Research 25:1 (2000), 41–58.
  • Buhalis, D., Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management 21:1 (2000), 97–116.
  • Buhalis, D., Law, R., Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet – The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management 29:4 (2008), 609–623.
  • Burgess, L., Cooper, J., The Status of Internet Commerce in the Manufacturing Industry in Australia: A survey of Metal Fabrication Industries. Proceedings of the second CollECToR Conference on Electronic Commerce, Sydney, 1998, 65–73.
  • Burgess, L., Cooper, J., Extending the viability of MICA (Model of Internet Commerce Adoption) as a metric for explaining the process of business adoption of Internet commerce. Proceedings of ICTEC2000, Dallas, Texas, 2000.
  • Burgess, L., Parish, B., Alcock, C., To what extent are regional tourism organisations (RTOs) in Australia leveraging the benefits of web technology for destination marketing and eCommerce?. Electronic Commerce Research 11 (2011), 341–355.
  • Burgess, L., Sargent, J.P., Cooper, J., Cerpa, N., A comparative analysis of the use of the Web for destination marketing by regional tourism organisations in Chile and the Asia Pacific. Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, 2005, Universidad de Talca, Chile.
  • Cantoni, L., Fans, M., Inversini, A., Passini, V., Hotel websites and booking engines: A challenging relationship. Law, R., Fuchs, M., Ricci, F., (eds.) Information and communication technologies in tourism 2011, 2011, Springer, Vienna, 241–252.
  • Celaya, J., La empresa en la web 2.0. Gestión 2000, Barcelona, 2011.
  • Chang, H.H., Chuang, S.S., Social capital and individual motivations on knowledge sharing: Participant involvement as a moderator. Information & Management 48:1 (2011), 9–18.
  • Chiou, W.C., Lin, C.C., Perng, C., A strategic framework for website evaluation based on a review of the literature from 1995–2006. Information and Management 47:5 (2010), 282–290.
  • Chiou, W.C., Lin, C.C., Perng, C., A strategic website evaluation of online travel agencies. Tourism Management 32:6 (2011), 1463–1473.
  • Chung, Y., Buhalis, D., Information needs in Online Social Networks. Information Technology Tourism 10:4 (2008), 267–281.
  • Chung, T., Law, R., Developing a performance indicator for hotel websites. International Journal of Hospitality Management 22:1 (2003), 119–125.
  • Cortimiglia, M.N., Ghezzi, A., Renga, F., Social applications: Revenue models, delivery channels, and critical success factors – An exploratory study and evidence from the Spanish-speaking market. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 6:2 (2011), 108–122.
  • Cristóbal-Fransi, E., El merchandising en el establecimiento virtual: una aproximación al diseño y la usabilidad. Revista científica Esic Market 123 (2006), 115–164.
  • Cristóbal-Fransi, E., Daries-Ramón, N., Martín-Fuentes, E., El turismo y el comercio electrónico en España: un estudio del consumidor y de la empresa turística. Revista de Estudios Turísticos 195 (2013), 79–99.
  • Davidson, R., Five year longitudinal study of Australian winery websites. Proceedings of the 13th Asia Pacific management conference, Melbourne, Australia, 2007, 1429–1437.
  • DiPietro, R.B., Wang, Y.R., Key issues for ICT applications: Impacts and implications for hospitality operations. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 2:1 (2010), 49–67.
  • Dijkmans, C., Kerkhof, P., Beukeboom, C.J., A stage to engage: Social media use and corporate reputation. Tourism Management 47 (2015), 58–67.
  • Doolin, B., Burgess, L., Cooper, J., Evaluating the use of the Web for tourism marketing: A case study from New Zealand. Tourism Management 23 (2002), 557–561.
  • Escobar, T., Carvajal, E., An evaluation of Spanish hotel websites: Informational vs. relational strategies. International Journal of Hospitality Management 33 (2013), 228–239.
  • Esteban, A., Los nuevos desarrollos turísticos en España y su efecto en la recuperación y/o promoción económica. Papers de Turisme 17 (1995), 33–44.
  • Falk, M., Are multi-resort ski conglomerates more efficient?. Managerial and Decision Economics 30 (2009), 529–538.
  • Falk, M., A dynamic panel data analysis of snow depth and winter tourism. Tourism Management 31 (2010), 912–924.
  • Filieri, R., McLeay, F., E-WOM and accommodation: An analysis of the factors that influence travelers’ Adoption of information from online reviews. Journal of Travel Research 53:1 (2014), 44–57.
  • Fundetec, Informe ePyme 2013. Análisis sectorial de implantación de las TIC en la pyme española. 2014 Available from http://www.fundetec.es/publicaciones/informe-epyme-2013/ Accessed 17.04.16.
  • García-Abad, A., Estaciones de esquí, turismo y entorno rural de montaña: claves para una regulación de las estaciones de esquí ante el cambio climático. Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales 31 (2012), 91–135.
  • García-Lastra, O., Escalera, G., Análisis longitudinal de los sitios web de las estaciones de esquí y montaña de España. Andorra y Pirineo de Francia: Temporadas 2009-10 y 2013-14. Cuadernos de turismo(38), 2016, 171–194.
  • García-Lastra, O., Escalera, G., El uso de los sitios Web en las Estaciones de Esquí y Montaña en España y Andorra. VII Congreso “Turismo y Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones”. TuriTec 2008, 2008, 1–18.
  • Gerbaux, F., Marcelpoil, E., Gouvernance des stations de montagne en France: les spécificités du partenariat public-privé. La revue de géographie alpine 94:1 (2006), 9–19.
  • González, Ó.R., Bañegil, T.M., Buenadicha, M., El índice cuantitativo de calidad web como instrumento objetivo de medición de la calidad de sitios web corporativos. Investigaciones Europeas de dirección y economía de la empresa 19:1 (2013), 16–30.
  • Gonçalves, O., Efficiency and productivity of French ski resorts. Tourism Management 36 (2013), 650–657.
  • Gretzel, U., Fesenmaier, D.R., Formica, S., O'Leary, J.T., Searching for the future: Challenges faced by destination marketing organizations. Journal of Travel Research 45:2 (2006), 116–126.
  • Hall, C.M., Tourism planning: Policies, processes and relationship. 2000, Prentice Hall, Harlow.
  • Heinze, N., Hu, Q., The evolution of corporate web presence: A longitudinal study of large American companies. International Journal of Information Management 26:4 (2006), 313–325.
  • Herrero, Á., San Martín, H., Hernández Mogollón, J.M., Perceived influence on behavior of user-generated content on social network sites: An empirical application in the hotel sector. Revista Española de Investigación en Marketing ESIC 19:1 (2015), 12–23.
  • Hjalager, A., A review of innovation research in tourism. Tourism Management 31:1 (2010), 1–12.
  • Hofacker, C.F., Belanche, D., Eight social media challenges for marketing managers. Spanish Journal of Marketing – ESIC 20:2 (2016), 73–80.
  • Huertas, A., Marine-Roig, E., Destination brand communication through the social media: What contents trigger most reactions of users?. Tussyadiah, I., Inversini, A., (eds.) Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015, 2015, Springer, Switzerland, 295–308.
  • IET, Balance del Turismo: año 2014. Resultados de la actividad turística en España. 2015, Instituto de Estudios Turísticos http://www.iet.tourspain.es/ Accessed 15.02.16.
  • Jacobsen, J.K.S., Munar, A.M., Tourist information search and destination choice in a digital age. Tourism Management Perspectives 1 (2012), 39–47.
  • Kaplan, A.M., Haenlein, M., Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons 53:1 (2010), 59–68.
  • Kim, H., Fesenmaier, D.R., Persuasive design of destination web sites: An analysis of first impression. Journal of Travel Research 47 (2008), 3–13.
  • Kim, M.J., Chung, N., Lee, C., Preis, M.W., Motivations and use context in mobile tourism shopping: Applying contingency and task-technology fit theories. International Journal of Tourism Research 17:1 (2015), 13–24.
  • Lasanta Martínez, T., El turismo de nieve como estrategia de desarrollo en el Pirineo aragonés. Cuadernos de investigación geográfica 36 (2010), 145–163.
  • Law, R., Bai, B., How do the preferences of online buyers and browsers differ on the design and content of travel websites?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 20:4 (2008), 388–400.
  • Law, R., Qi, S., Buhalis, D., Progress in tourism management: A review of website evaluation in tourism research. Tourism Management 31:3 (2010), 297–313.
  • Lee, J.K., Morrison, A.M., A comparative study of web site performance. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 1:1 (2010), 50–67.
  • Liao, C., To, P.L., Shih, M.L., Website practices: A comparison between the top 1000 companies in the U.S. and Taiwan. International Journal of Information Management 26:3 (2006), 196–211.
  • Litvin, S., Goldsmith, R., Pan, B., Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. Tourism Management 29 (2008), 458–468.
  • Luna-Cortés, G., The influence of symbolic consumption on experience value and the use of virtual social networks. Spanish Journal of Marketing – ESIC 21:1 (2017), 39–51.
  • Marimon, F., Vidgen, R., Barnes, S.J., Cristóbal, E., Purchasing behaviour in an online supermarket: the applicability of E-S-QUAL. International Journal of Market Research 52:1 (2010), 111–129.
  • Martínez, T.L., Vadillo, J.A., Bellido, N.P., La contribución de una pequeña estación de esquí al desarrollo de su entorno: el caso de Valdezcaray (La Rioja). Cuadernos de turismo(33), 2014, 151–172.
  • Matzler, K., Siller, H.J., Linking travel motivations with perceptions of destinations: The case of youth travelers in Alpine summer and winter tourism. Tourism Review 58:4 (2003), 6–11.
  • O'Connor, P., Frew, A., Evaluating electronic channels of distribution in the hotel sector: A Delphi study. Information Technology and Tourism 3:3/4 (2000), 177–193.
  • Palmer, A., The Internet challenge for destination marketing organizations. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Pride, R., (eds.) Destination branding: Creating the unique destination preposition, 2005, Elsevier, Oxford, 128–140.
  • Pearce, P.L., Tourist behaviour: Themes and conceptual schemes. Annals of Tourism Research 33:3 (2006), 874–875.
  • Pechlaner, H., Tschurtschenthaler, P., Tourism policy, tourism organizations and change management in Alpine regions and destinations: A European Perspective. Current Issues in Tourism 6:6 (2003), 508–539.
  • Pérez-Pérez, M., Martínez Sánchez, A., Abella, S., El sector turístico y el comercio electrónico. Boletín Económico de Información Comercial Española 2733 (2002), 31–41.
  • Robbins, S.S., Stylianou, A.C., Global corporate websites: An empirical investigation of content and design. Information & Management 40:3 (2003), 205–212.
  • Saz, M.I., Carús, L., La sostenibilidad del turismo recreativo de alta montaña. Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural 5:60 (2008), 11–36.
  • Schegg, R., Steiner, T., Frey, S., Murphy, J., Benchmarks of web site design and marketing by Swiss hotels. Information Technology and Tourism 5:2 (2002), 73–89.
  • Schmidt, S., Evaluación de los sitios Web de los hoteles e implicaciones para la gestión del marketing hotelero. Tesis doctoral, 2006, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Islas Baleares.
  • Schmidt, S., Cantallops, A.S., dos Santos, C.P., The characteristics of hotel websites and their implications for website effectiveness. International Journal of Hospitality Management 27:4 (2008), 504–516.
  • Segittur, Estudio de mercado de apps turísticas. 2013 http://www.segittur.es Accessed 15.03.16.
  • Sigala, M., Exploiting web 2.0 for new service development: Findings and implications from the Greek tourism industry. International Journal of Tourism Research 14:6 (2012), 551–566.
  • Ting, P.H., Wang, S.T., Bau, D.Y., Chiang, M.L., Website evaluation of the top 100 hotels using advanced content analysis and eMICA model. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 54:3 (2013), 284–293.
  • Walcott, P.A., Evaluating the readiness of e-commerce websites. International Journal of Computers 4:1 (2007), 263–268.
  • Woodside, A.G., Ramos, V., Duque, M., Tourism's destination dominance and marketing website usefulness. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 23:4 (2011), 552–564.
  • Xiang, Z., Gretzel, U., Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management 31:2 (2010), 179–188.