COVID-19Impacto Psicológico, Factores de Riesgo e Intervenciones Psicológicas en el Personal Sanitario. Una Revisión Sistemática

  1. María Dolores Tolsa
  2. Olga Malas
Revista:
Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud

ISSN: 2171-2069

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 12

Número: 2

Páginas: 58-75

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud

Resumen

En relación a la mala salud mental del personal sanitario debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, la presente revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo sintetizar el conocimiento generado entre noviembre-2019 y septiembre-2020 sobre impacto psicológico, factores de riesgo e intervenciones psicológicas llevadas a cabo en esta población. Siguiendo metodología PRISMA se recuperaron 49 artículos que cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión y calidad exigidos, y que revelaron prevalencias del 5,2% al 79% para estrés, del 6,78% al 71% para los trastornos del sueño, del 4,98% al 50% para ansiedad, del 8,9% al 50,70% para depresión y del 4,4% al 19,10% para estrés postraumático. Las mayores prevalencias dependen de factores relacionados con situaciones de mayor riesgo (primeras fases de la pandemia, primera línea, escasez de recursos de protección personal y falta de apoyo social) y con la pertenencia a grupos poblacionales más susceptibles (mujeres, personal sanitario de apoyo, con poca formación sobre la COVID-19, de nivel socioeconómico bajo y/o vida sedentaria, entre otros). Prevalecen las intervenciones basadas en estrategias de intervención temprana, de resolución de problemas inmediatos y terapias cognitivo-conductual para incrementar las conductas adaptativas, mejorar las habilidades de afrontamiento al estrés y establecer sistemas de apoyo social.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet