International Collaboration in the Field of Educational ResearchA Delphi Study

  1. Melissa Bond 1
  2. Victoria I. Marín 2
  3. Svenja Bedenlier 3
  1. 1 University College London
    info

    University College London

    Londres, Reino Unido

    ROR https://ror.org/02jx3x895

  2. 2 Universitat de Lleida
    info

    Universitat de Lleida

    Lleida, España

    ROR https://ror.org/050c3cw24

  3. 3 University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
    info

    University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

    Erlangen, Alemania

    ROR https://ror.org/00f7hpc57

Revista:
NAER: Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research

ISSN: 2254-7339

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 10

Número: 2

Páginas: 190-213

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.7821/NAER.2021.7.614 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: NAER: Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research

Resumen

La colaboración (internacional) en investigación (IRC) está considerada como uno de los aspectos más importantes de las carreras académicas y, si bien se vincula a menudo a la coautoría, las investigaciones acerca de las percepciones y prácticas académicas son escasas. Las reflexiones sobre los factores que afectan a la IRC, al igual que una tecnología eficaz que se pueda usar en el marco de la IRC, han adquirido ahora una importancia vital debido a la aparición de la COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio Delphi en tres rondas, llevado a cabo antes de la pandemia, consistía en explorar por qué y cómo ponen en práctica la IRC los académicos en el campo de la educación. Los resultados indican que los beneficios que reporta la IRC son más relevantes que las barreras, y que el trabajo en red, así como aprender de los demás, afloran como dos de los motivos más importantes para llevar a cabo la IRC. Se han identificado cuatro fases de la IRC, junto con una serie de factores relevantes que podrían informar la preparación futura en gestión de proyectos. Se ofrecen sugerencias para políticas institucionales de IRC, junto con consideraciones para investigadores centrados en las fases iniciales de la carrera profesional.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Costa, F. D. (2019). The collaboration behavior of top scientists. Scientometrics, 118(1), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2970-9
  • Adams, J. (2013). The fourth age of research. Nature, 497, 557–560.
  • Aksnes, D.W., Frølich, N., & Slipersæter, S. (2008). Science policy and the driving forces behind the internationalisation of science: the case of Norway. Science and Public Policy, 35(6), 445–457. https://doi.org/10.3152/030234208x331236
  • Aldieri, L., Kotsemir, M., & Vinci, C. P. (2018). The impact of research collaboration on academic performance: An empirical analysis for some European countries. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 62, 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2017.05.003
  • Altbach, P. G. (2016). The university as center and periphery. Global perspectives on higher education (pp. 149–170). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Aman, V., & Botte, A. (2017). A bibliometric view on the internationalization of European educational research. European Educational Research Journal, 16(6), 843–868. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1474904117729903
  • Asare, S., Mitchell, R., & Rose, P. (2020). How equitable are South-North partnerships in education research? Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1–20. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1811638 10.1080/03057925.2020.1811638
  • Baker, S. (2020, August 3). How Covid-19 is reshaping international research collaboration. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/how-covid-19-reshaping -international-research-collaboration
  • Bardakcı, S., Arslan, Ö., & Ünver, T. K. (2018). How scholars use academic social networking services. Information Development, 34(4), 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666917712108
  • Berthoud, L., & Gliddon, J. (2018). Using wikis to investigate communication, collaboration and engagement in Capstone engineering design projects. European Journal of Engineering Education, 43(2), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2017.1332574
  • Bogle, D. (2020). How will COVID-19 affect research collaboration? Retrieved from https://www .universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=2020090413393595
  • Bond, M., & Bedenlier, S. (2019). Facilitating Student Engagement Through Educational Technology: Towards a Conceptual Framework. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2019(1), 1–14. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jime.528 10.5334/jime.528
  • Bond, M., & Buntins, K. (2018). An analysis of the Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2013-2017. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 168–183. https://doi.org/ 10.14742/ajet.4359
  • Bond, M., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Nichols, M. (2019). Revisiting five decades of educational technology research: A content and authorship analysis of the British Journal of Educational Technology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(1), 12–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/ bjet.12730
  • Bote, V. P. G., Olmeda-Gómez, C., & de Moya-Anegón, F. (2013). Quantifying the benefits of international scientific collaboration. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(2), 392–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22754
  • Bothwell, E. (2019, September 11). THE World University Rankings 2020: Productivity gains. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/ world-university-rankings-2020-productivity-gains
  • Bozeman, B., Gaughan, M., Youtie, J., Slade, C. P., & Rimes, H. (2016). Research collaboration experiences, good and bad: Dispatches from the front lines. Science and Public Policy, 43(2), 226–244. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scv035
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723–742. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236307
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. & Ceci, S. J. (1994). Nature-nuture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: A bioecological model. Psychological Review, 101(4), 568–586. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.568https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.568
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979).The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design.Harvard University Press
  • Buckner, E. (2020). Embracing the global: the role of ranking, research mandate, and sector in the internationalisation of higher education. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1753499
  • Buitendijk, S., Ward, H., Shimshon, G., Sam, A. H., Sharma, D., & Harris, M. (2020). COVID-19: an opportunity to rethink global cooperation in higher education and research. BMJ Global Health, 5(7), e002790–e002790. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002790
  • Bukvova, H. (2010). Studying research collaboration: A literature review. Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems, 10(3), 1–17.
  • Bu, Y., Ding, Y., Liang, X. & Murray, D. S. (2018). Understanding persistent scientific collaboration. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 69(3), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23966
  • Caniglia, G., Luederitz, C., Groß, M., Muhr, M., John, B., Keeler, L.W., … Lang, D. (2017). Transnational collaboration for sustainability in higher education: Lessons from a systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 764–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.256
  • Chen, K., Zhang, Y., & Fu, X. (2019). International research collaboration: An emerging domain of innovation studies? Research Policy, 48, 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.08 .005
  • Defazio, D., Lockett, A., & Wright, M. (2009). Funding incentives, collaborative dynamics and scientific productivity: Evidence from the EU framework program. Research Policy, 38(2), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.11.008
  • DeHart, D. (2017). Team science: A qualitative study of benefits, challenges, and lessons learned. The Social Science Journal, 54(4), 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2017.07.009
  • Didegah, F., Gazni, A., Bowman, T. D., & Holmberg, K. (2017). Internationality in Finnish research: An examination of collaborators, citers, tweeters, and readers. Information Research-an International Electronic Journal, 22(1), 22–22. Retrieved from http://www.informationr.net/ir/ 22-1/colis/colis1624.html
  • Duque, R. B., Ynalvez, M., Sooryamoorthy, R., Mbatia, P., Dzorgbo, D.-B.-S. & Shrum, W. (2005). Collaboration Paradox. Social Studies of Science, 35(5), 755–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312705053048
  • Englander, K., & Uzuner-Smith, S. (2013). The role of policy in constructing the peripheral scientist in the era of globalization. Language Policy, 12(3), 231–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993 -012-9268-1
  • Fake, H. (2018). A Delphi Study on the Dimensions of Personalized Learning in Workforce Training and Development Programs (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). George Mason University.
  • Fernández, A., Ferrándiz, E., & León, M. D. (2016). Proximity dimensions and scientific collaboration among academic institutions in Europe: The closer, the better? Scientometrics, 106(3), 1073–1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1819-8
  • Fry, C. V., Cai, X., Zhang, Y., & Wagner, C. S. (2020). Consolidation in a crisis: Patterns of international collaboration in early COVID-19 research. PLOS ONE, 15(7), e0236307. htthttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236307
  • Fu, J. Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y. H., Tong, H. F., Chen, D. Z., & Huang, M. H. (2012). Scientific production and citation impact: a bibliometric analysis in acupuncture over three decades. Scientometrics, 93(3), 1061–1079. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0737-2
  • Gazni, A., Sugimoto, C. R., & Didegah, F. (2012). Mapping world scientific collaboration: Authors, institutions, and countries. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(2), 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21688
  • Gorska, A., Korzynski, P., Mazurek, G., & Pucciarelli, F. (2020). TheRole of SocialMedia in Scholarly Collaboration: An Enabler of International Research Team’s Activation? Journal of Global InformationTechnologyManagement, 23(4), 273–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198x.2020 .1817684
  • Guo, S., Zhang, G., & Guo, Y. (2016). Social network analysis of 50 years of international collaboration in the research of educational technology. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 53(4), 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633115611114
  • Hall, K. L., Vogel, A. L., Huang, G. C., Serrano, K. J., Rice, E. L., Tsakraklides, S. P., & Fiore, S. M. (2018). The science of team science: A review of the empirical evidence and research gaps on collaboration in science. American Psychologist, 73(4), 532–548. https://doi.org/10.1037/ amp0000319
  • Heatly, M. C. & Votruba-Drzal, E. (2019). Developmental precursors of engagement and motivation in fifth grade: Linkages with parent- and teacher-child relationships. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 60, 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2018.09.003
  • Henriksen, D. (2016). The rise in co-authorship in the social sciences. Scientometrics, 107(2), 455–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-1849-x
  • Henriksen, D. (2018). What factors are associated with increasing co-authorship in the social sciences? A case study of Danish Economics and Political Science. Scientometrics, 114(3), 1395– 1421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2635-0
  • Hoekman, J., Frenken, K. & Tijssen, R. J.W. (2010). Research collaboration at a distance: Changing spatial patterns of scientific collaboration within Europe. Research Policy, 39(5), 662–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.01.012
  • Hoffman, D. M., Blasi, B., Ćulum, B., Dragšić, Ž., Ewen, A., Horta, H., Nokkala, T. & Rios-Aguilar, C. (2014). The methodological illumination of a blind spot: information and communication technology and international research team dynamics in a higher education research program. Higher Education, 67(4), 473–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9692-y
  • Hook, D., &Porter, S. (2020).HowCOVID-19 is Changing ResearchCulture. https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.12383267.v2
  • Horgan, D., Hackett, J.,Westphalen, C. B., Kalra, D., Richer, E., Romao,M.,…Montserrat, A. (2020). Digitalisation and COVID-19: The Perfect Storm. Biomedicine Hub, 5(3), 1–23. https://doi .org/10.1159/000511232
  • Hsu, C. C., & Sandford, B. (2007). The delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Research & Evaluation, 12(10), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7275/pdz9-th90
  • Hwang, K. (2008). International collaboration in multilayered center-periphery in the globalization of science and technology. Technology, & Human Values, 33(1), 101–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243907306196
  • Iglič, H., Doreian, P., Kronegger, L., & Ferligoj, A. (2017). With whom do researchers collaborate and why? Scientometrics, 112(1), 153–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2386-y
  • International Chamber of Commerce (2020). COVID-19: Lessons for international research collaboration and information exchange. Retrieved from https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2020/04/icc-statement-rd-collaboration.pdf
  • International Telecommunication Union. (2020, July). Economic impact of COVID-19 on digital infrastructure: Report of an Economic Experts Roundtable organized by ITU (GSR-20 Discussion Paper). Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Conferences/GSR/2020/ Documents/GSR-20_Impact-COVID-19-on-digital-economy_DiscussionPaper.pdf
  • John, A., Eyles, E.,Mcguinness, L. A., Okolie, C., Olorisade, B. K., Schmidt, L., &Higgins, J. P. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: protocol for a living systematic review. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: protocol for a living systematic review, 9. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research .24274.1
  • Jonsen, K., Butler, C. L., Mäkelä, K., Piekkari, R., Drogendijk, R., Lauring, J., … Zander, L. (2013). Processes of International Collaboration in Management Research. Journal of Management Inquiry, 22(4), 394–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492612464429
  • Kahn, M. (2018). Co-authorship as a proxy for collaboration: a cautionary tale. Science and Public Policy, 45(1), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scx052
  • Kato, M. & Ando, A. (2013). The relationship between research performance and international collaboration in chemistry. Scientometrics, 97(3), 535–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1011-y
  • Katz, J. S., & Martin, B. R. (1997). What is research collaboration? Research Policy, 26, 917–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(96
  • Khor, K. A., & Yu, L. G. (2016). Influence of international co-authorship on the research citation impact of young universities. Scientometrics, 107(3), 1095–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11192-016-1905-6
  • King, K. (1985). North-South Collaborative Research in Education. International Journal of Educational Development, 5(3), 183–191.
  • Kosmützky, A. (2018). International team research in comparative higher education: Shedding some light on its social side. Journal of Comparatve & Internatonal Higher Educaton, 10, 14–23.
  • Kosmützky, A. (2018). A two-sided medal: On the complexity of international comparative and collaborative team research. Higher Education Quarterly, 72(4), 314–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12156
  • Kuld, L. & O’Hagan, J. (2018). Rise of multi-authored papers in economics: Demise of the ‘lone star’ and why? Scientometrics, 114(3), 1207–1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2588-3
  • Kumar, S. & Ratnavelu, K. (2016). Perceptions of Scholars in the Field of Economics on Co-Authorship Associations: Evidence from an International Survey. PLOS ONE, 11(6), e0157633. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157633
  • Kumar, S. (2018). Ethical concerns in the rise of co-authorship and its role as a proxy of research collaborations. Publications, 6(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications6030037
  • Ku, M., Gil-Garcia, J. R., & Zhang, J. (2016). The emergence and evolution of cross-boundary research collaborations: An explanatory study of social dynamics in a digital government working group. Government Information Quarterly, 33(4), 796–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.giq.2016.07.005
  • Kwiek,M. (2018). International research collaboration and international research orientation: Comparative findings about European academics. Journal of Studies in International Education, 22(2), 136–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315317747084
  • Kwiek, M. (2019a). Internationalisation of EU research organisations: A bibliometric stocktaking study. https://doi.org/10.2861/68729
  • Kwiek, M. (2019b). Social stratification in higher education: What it means at the micro-level of the individual academic scientist. Higher Education Quarterly, 81(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/hequ.12221
  • Kwiek, M. (2020a). Internationalists and locals: international research collaboration in a resourcepoor system. Scientometrics, 124(1), 57–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03460-2
  • Kwiek, M. (2020b). What Large-Scale Publication and Citation Data Tell Us About International Research Collaboration in Europe: Changing national patterns in global contexts. Studies in Higher Education, 45(4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1749254
  • Leahey, E. (2016). From Sole Investigator to Team Scientist: Trends in the Practice and Study of Research Collaboration. Annual Review of Sociology, 42(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-soc-081715-074219
  • Lee, J. J., & Haupt, J. P. (2020a). International Research Collaborations on COVID-19 Amidst Geopolitical Tensions with China. , 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-37599/v1
  • Lee, J. J., & Haupt, J. P. (2020b). Scientific globalism during a global crisis: Research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19. Higher Education, 81, 949–966. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0
  • Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (2002). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id= 563b341d5cd9e375988b45bc&assetKey=AS%3A292381292285964%401446720541026
  • Macfarlane, B. (2017). The paradox of collaboration: amoral continuum. Higher Education Research & Development, 36(3), 472–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1288707
  • Mali, F., Pustovrh, T., Cugmas, M., & Ferligoj, A. (2018). The personal factors in scientific collaboration: views held by Slovenian researchers. Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 9(2), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2018.2.01
  • Marín, V. I., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2019). Scientific Communication between Spanish and English Educational Technology Journals. A Citation Analysis of eight Journals. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 8(2), 96–96. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2019.7.393
  • Mason, S. (2020). Adoption and usage of Academic Social Networks: a Japan case study. Scientometrics, 6(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03345-4
  • Matthews, K. R. W., Yang, E., Lewis, S. W., Vaidyanathan, B. R., & Gorman, M. (2020). International scientific collaborative activities and barriers to them in eight societies. Accountability in Research, 27(8), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2020.1774373
  • Melin, G. (2000). Pragmatism and self-organization. Research Policy, 29(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00031-1
  • Muriithi, P., Horner, D., & Pemberton, L. (2016). Factors contributing to adoption and use of information and communication technologies within research collaborations in Kenya. Information Technology for Development, 22, 84–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2015 .1121856
  • Muriithi, P., Horner, D., Pemberton, L., & Wao, H. (2018). Factors influencing research collaborations in Kenyan universities. Research Policy, 47(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.respol.2017.10.002
  • National Science Foundation. (2020). Dear Colleague Letter: Future of International Research Collaboration Post COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2020/nsf20132/ nsf20132.jsp
  • Niederkrotenthaler, T., Gunnell, D., Arensman, E., Pirkis, J., Appleby, L., Hawton, K., … Platt, S. (2020). Suicide Research, Prevention, and COVID-19. Crisis, 41(5), 321–330. https://doi.org/ 10.1027/0227-5910/a000731
  • Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002
  • O’Neill, S., Scott, M., & Conboy, K. (2011). A Delphi study on collaborative learning in distance education: The faculty perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(6), 939–949. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01132.x
  • Okoli, C. & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002
  • Payumo, J., Sutton, T., Brown, D., Nordquist, D., Evans, M., Moore, D., & Arasu, P. (2017). Input– output analysis of international research collaborations: a case study of five U.S. universities. Scientometrics, 111(3), 1657–1671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2313-2
  • Ponomariov, B., & Boardman, C. (2016). What is co-authorship? Scientometrics, 109(3), 1939–1963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-2127-7
  • Queen’s University Belfast. (2020). Why a collaborative research culture is needed to address the COVID-19 challenge. Retrieved from https://www.qub.ac.uk/coronavirus/analysis -commentary/collaborative-research-culture-needed-to-address-covid-19/
  • Remedios, L., & Gummesson, C. (2018). Learning with and from each other: promoting international and interprofessional collaborations in physiotherapy education research – a literature review. Physical Therapy Reviews, 23(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10833196.2018 .1449792
  • Salinas, J. & Marín, V. I. (2019). Metasíntesis cualitativa sobre colaboración científica e identidad digital académica en redes sociales. RIED. Revista Iberoamericana De Educación a Distancia, 22. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.22.2.23238
  • Sonnenwald, D. H. (2007). Scientific collaboration. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 41(1), 643–681. https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2007.1440410121
  • Sooryamoorthy, R., & Shrum, W. (2007). Does the Internet Promote Collaboration and Productivity? Evidence from the Scientific Community in South Africa. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(2), 733–751. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00347.x
  • Stevis, G. M., & Jakes, L. (2020). World Leaders Join to Pledge $8 Billion for Vaccine as U.S. Goes It Alone. NewYork Times. Retrieved fromhttps://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/04/world/ europe/eu-coronavirus-vaccine.html
  • Stokols, D., Misra, S., Moser, R. P., Hall, K. L., & Taylor, B. K. (2008). The ecology of team science: Understanding contextual influences on transdisciplinary collaboration. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(2), 96–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.003
  • Tight, M. (2018). Higher education journals: their characteristics and contribution. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(3), 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017 .1389858
  • Times Higher Education. (2019). THE World University Rankings 2020: methodology. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/ methodology-world-university-rankings-2020
  • Waltman, L., Tijssen, R. J., & van Eck, N. J. (2011). Globalisation of science in kilometres. Journal of Informetrics, 5(4), 574–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2011.05.003
  • Wang,W., Yu, S., Bekele, T.M., Kong, X., & Xia, F. (2017). Scientific collaboration patterns vary with scholars’ academic ages. Scientometrics, 112(1), 329–343. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s11192-017-2388-9 10.1007/s11192-017-2388-9
  • Wöhlert, R. (2020). Communication in international collaborative research teams. A review of the state of the art and open research questions. Studies in Communication and Media, 9(2), 151–217. https://doi.org/10.5771/2192-4007-2020-2-151
  • Yemini, M. (2019). International Research Collaborations as Perceived by Top-Performing Scholars. Journal of Studies in International Education, 25(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1028315319887392
  • Ynalvez, M. A., & Shrum, W. M. (2011). Professional networks, scientific collaboration, and publication productivity in resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. Research Policy, 40(2), 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.10.004
  • Yousuf, M. I. (2007). Using experts’ opinions through delphi technique. Research & Evaluation, 12(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7275/rrph-t210
  • Zhou, P., & Tian, H. (2014). Funded collaboration research inmathematics in China. Scientometrics, 99(3), 695–715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1212-4